关于“abandon”这个单词,其含义和用法可总结如下:
一、基本词义
动词含义 - 放弃/遗弃:
指主动舍弃某物或某人,如:
- The company abandoned the project due to financial difficulties.(公司因财务困难放弃了这个项目)
- The abandoned child was found by the local authorities.(被遗弃的儿童被当地警方找到)
- 停止/中止:指中止某项活动,如:
- The meeting was abandoned halfway through.(会议进行到一半时中止了)
- 沉溺/放纵:指过度沉迷于某种行为,如:
- He abandoned himself to music and forgot his responsibilities.(他沉迷于音乐而忘记责任)
名词含义 - 放任/放纵:
指对行为缺乏约束,如:
- The teacher abandoned the students' safety rules.(老师忽视了学生安全规则)
二、用法要点
动词用法
及物动词:可接名词/动名词/反身代词,如:
- abandon a plan(放弃计划)
- abandon oneself to despair(沉溺于绝望)
短语搭配:
- abandon one's duties(放弃职责)
- abandon in favor of(优先考虑)
名词用法
多用于抽象概念,如:
- The company's abandonment of customer service led to a drop in sales.(公司放弃客户服务的做法导致销售额下降)
三、近义词辨析
| 单词 | 近义词 | 反义词 |
|------------|----------------------|----------------------|
| abandon| forsake | uphold|
| desert | abandon | cherish |
| forsake | abandon | retain|
四、典型例句
动词用法
- The artist abandoned his old habits and started a new one.(艺术家放弃旧习惯,开始新生活)
- The project was abandoned due to unforeseen circumstances.(因意外情况中止项目)
名词用法
- The abandoned village was a ghost town.(被遗弃的村庄成了鬼城)
- His abandonment of the truth shocked everyone.(他对真相的漠视震惊了所有人)
通过以上分析,可见“abandon”是一个多义词,需结合上下文理解具体含义。建议通过阅读真题和例句,加深对不同词性和用法的掌握。